Introduction a watergasshift wgs reactor for the conversion of carbon monoxide co and water to. An ebook reader can be a software application for use on a computer such as microsofts free reader application, or a book sized computer that is used solely as a reading device such as nuvomedias rocket ebook. Co2 valorisation via reverse watergas shift reaction using. An industrial case 57 operating pressure and hydrogen sulfide concentration with intrinsic rate expressions. The gas feed composition is taken as the efflux of a typical autothermal reforming atr reactor. Modeling and simulation of water gas shift reactor.
Structural water gas shift catalyst internal volumes of the reactor are to be filled with formed water gas shift catalyst designed to direct flow around the membrane surfaces. Development of novel watergasshift membrane reactor. Write the mole balances in terms of conversion for a batch reactor, cstr, pfr, and pbr. Kinetic modeling of low temperature watergas shift. Watergasshift membrane reactor small cell with 1% co feed gas at various flow rates 1% h2, 3% co2, 3% n2, and 93% he for 6. Basic objectives in design of a reactor in chemical engineering physical operations such as fluid flow, heat transfer, mass transfer and separation processes play a very large part.
Kinetics and catalysis of the watergasshift reaction. Design of experiments on the kinetics of the watergas. The study of chemical reaction engineering cre combines the study of chemical kinetics with the reactors in which the reactions occur. The novel application of a catalytic watergasshift membrane reactor for selective removal of co from h2rich reformate mixtures for achieving gas purification solely via. Pdf on mar 28, 2012, douglas falleiros barbosa lima and others published. From the analysis of variance of these sixteen runs it can be shown that the temkin mechanism for the watergas shift reaction cannot represent the data within the experimental accuracy. Water gas shift reaction an overview sciencedirect topics. Reaction kinetics and reactor design pdf free download. A parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of gas feed temperature, gas space velocity and channel length on watergas shift micro reactor performance.
In addition, to the excellent activity, the novelcs doped catalyst is fairly stable for. Lecture 9 reactor sizing chemical kinetics is the study of chemical reaction rates and reaction mechanisms. For an ideal cstr reactor, the residence time required for the reaction is given by. Thus the conventional series of ht and lt shift reactors with heat recovery between the beds is placed by a single reactor with built in steam generation. Analysis of design variables for water gas shift reactors by modelbased optimization. The water gas shift reaction is a moderately exothermic reversible reaction. The mr mathematical model was developed from the design equation of traditional reactors considering a h2 highselectivity membrane, to perform a comparison. Keywords packed bed reactor, catalyst, water gas shift reaction.
Carbon monoxide and hydrogen if they are present in the mole ratio of 1. The two substrates under active consideration are extruded porous. Conduct the prototype membrane reactor demonstration for a fuel cell. Modeling and simulation of water gas sh ift reactor. Simulation and model design of pipe shell reactor for the direct synthesis of dimethyl ether from sy. An increase of the reactor temperature is thermodynamically unfavorable for the water gas shift reaction. Reactors jordan university of science and technology. Journals az books and reference advertising media kit. Development of novel water gasshift membrane reactor.
Additional benefit would derive from the reduction in capital cost of plant by the removal of one step in the process by integrating water gas shift with the membrane. The linde isothermal shift reactor isr the linde isothermal shift reactor isr is used for the coshift reaction and allows conversion to below 0. The reverse watergas shift reaction rwgs reaction was discovered in the 19th century as a method of producing water from carbon dioxide and hydrogen, with carbon monoxide as a side product. Evaluation of alternate water gas shift configurations for igcc systems august 5, 2009 prepared by. The reaction temperature on the design of the wgsr, varies according with the type of. Analysis of design variables for watergasshift reactors. An increase of the reactor temperature is thermodynamically unfavorable for the watergasshift reaction. Conversion and reactor sizing define conversion and space time. The main purpose of the water gas shift reactor wgsr is to carry out the reaction. Pdf modeling and simulation of a water gas shift reactor. Isothermal reactor steam boiler feed water gas entry circulating water gas exit circulating water. Scheme of the reactor thermodynamic modeling of watergas shift reaction in supercritical water e. Watergas shift process for hydrogen production effects. Watergas shift modeling of coal gasification in an.
Final hydrogen purification by pressure swing adsorption figure 1 demin water feed fuel export steam. Process safety aspects in watergasshift wgs catalytic. A largescale production of methane on the basis of carbon dioxide has never been. In any manufacturing process where there is a chemical change. Gas gas design basis tion supply wpm cuppm gas c2h4 c2h6 c3h6 nc4hio net mbtu at at flash. The kinetics of water gas shift reaction was studied over commercial cuoznoal2o3 in an integral fixed bed reactor. A novel approach to optimal process control strategy. Water gas shift reactor design linkedin slideshare.
Co2 valorisation via reverse watergas shift reaction using advanced cs. Kazantzisand yi hua ma mary kay oconnor process safety center international symposium october 2628, 2010 texas. The experimental data were collected from literature. By douglas falleiros barbosa lima, fernando ademar zanella, marcelo kaminski lenzi and papa matar ndiaye. A conventional watergas shift reactor then uses a metallic catalyst in a heterogeneous. Series of gasification of coal, water gas shift, and co2 separation is the predominant production route to hydrogen from coal for commercial scale application. The study resulted in an optimum watergas shift micro reactor design. Methanol production from co2 via reversewatergasshift. The publications can be divided into two types of studies. Water gas shift in applications where scrubbed syngas hydrogencarbon monoxide h 2 co ratio must be increasedadjusted to meet downstream process requirements, the syngas is passed through a multistage, fixedbed reactor containing shift catalysts to convert co and water into additional h 2 and carbon dioxide co 2 according to the following reaction known as the. Digital equipment corporation, pdp 8e field service.
However, this process needs multiplesteps such as high and lowtemperature water gas shift reaction as shown in eq. The production of methane across the sabatier reaction 1 is a wellknown process for converting co 2 to a useful product and was proposed by paul sabatier and j. The water gas shift reaction for fuel cells applications is now studied 8 in addition to the traditional use of this reaction ammonia and methanol production. Simulation of hightemperature watergas shift reactors. Biological watergas shift conversion of carbon monoxide. The wgs has been traditionally used for adjusting the h2co ratio in a syngas to meet the specifications for various final products. This is the second, significantly improved version of the book of similar title. The nist webbook provides parameterized models of the enthalpy, entropy and heat capacity of many molecules. The simultaneous hydrogen extraction and wg shift improves the efficiency of both processes. The experimental data available in the open literature are reconciled for measurement errors after gross errors are removed and then used to obtain the rate parameters. Zeolite membrane reactor for hightemperature watergas shift.
Kinetic study of high temperature water gas shift reaction. Methanation is a chemical reaction that converts carbon monoxide andor carbon dioxide to methane. Development of novel watergasshift membrane reactor addressing barrier l. Proven knowhow in design and construction of furnaces, steam reformers and heaters has. Evaluation of alternate water gas shift configurations for. The water gas shift reaction is fast on alkalized iron catalysts, but merely proceeds on cobalt catalysts. In particular, emissions resulting from the use of hydrogen as fuel contain only water, one of the reasons why that. In the carbon based hydrogen production, water gas shift reaction is. Pdf in order to study the wgs on an industrial scale at a low. Continue to synthesize and characterize improved membranes for the reactor. Hydrogen source almost any gas containing hydrogen is suitable for the reduction e. Pdf the worlds progression towards the hydrogen economy is facilitating the production of hydrogen from various resources. Pilot water gas shiftmembrane device for hydrogen from coal. Once the kinetics is known, the reactor design can be made based on material balance.
Complete the proofofconcept demonstration using the lab membrane reactor. In this configuration, the syngas stream, composed by co, co 2, and h 2 and fed to the methanol synthesis reactor, is produced by means of a reversewatergasshift by which a co 2 stream is partially converted in carbon monoxide. This work analyzes the water gas shift reactor design as component of the co cleanup system of the ethanol processor for h 2 production applied to pem fuel cells. Engineering evaluations of a catalytic membrane reactor. With this motivation, a 1d mathematical model of a sour water gas shift wgs reactor has been developed by considering mass, momentum, and energy conservation equations. A study of the performance of a membrane reactor mr for the water gas shift wgs reaction is presented, also pursuing the membrane engineering approach in the logic of the process intensification strategy. Kinetics study and reactor design study of activity and effectiveness factor of noble metal catalysts for water gas shift reaction heat exchanger. There exist a number of reactor designs and flowsheet configurations for the wgs reactor in the production of.
Due to its exothermic nature, high carbon monoxide conversion is thermodynamically favored at low temperatures. Simulation results the highest conversion for hts inlet temperature 320. Reflecting todays emphasis on sustainability, this edition contains new coverage of biomass as an alternative to fossil fuels, and process. Therefore, with increasing temperature the reaction rate increases but the conversion of reactants to products becomes less favorable. Three different reactor designs were tested for biological wgs of co to h2. Hydrogen should be free of sulfur or chlorine and, if any carbon monoxide is present, allowance should be made for the extra temperature rise during reduction. Effluent gas containing carbon monoxide and steam is passed over the hot gasshift catalyst, where the watershift gas reaction shown in equation 5 occurs. The worlds progression towards the hydrogen economy is facilitating the production of hydrogen from various resources. Nitrogen gas was used as an inert diluent to make up the total pressure to 1 atm. Data reconciliation and dynamic modeling of a sour water.
Pdf modeling and simulation of water gas shift reactor. Size reactors either alone or in series once given the molar flow rate of a, and the rate of reaction. The wgs reactor constitutes the element of greater volume of the processor motivating its optimization. Pdf simulation and control of watergas shift packed bed.
By removing hydrogen from the synthesis gas stream, the water gas shift equilibrium would force more carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide and maximize the total hydrogen produced. Zz owners name plant eqwpment label plant fluid kpa kpa kpa kpa kpa kpa m water kpa m water nam normal rate n rate discharge kg. Azcan proceedings of the world congress on engineering and computer science 2012 vol ii wcecs 2012, october 2426, 2012, san francisco, usa isbn. In the carbon based hydrogen production, water gas shift reaction is the intermediate step used for hydrogen enrichment and co reduction in the synthesis gas. Evaluation of alternate water gas shift configurations for igcc. Simulation and control of water gas shift packed bed reactor with interstage cooling view the table of contents for this issue, or go to the journal homepage for more 2016 iop conf. High temperature gascooled reactor htgr, which is a graphite moderated, helium cooled reactor, is particularly attractive due to capability of producing high temperature helium gas and its inherent safety characteristics, as well as an option to efficiently burn weaponsgrade plutonium for energy production. Watergasshift wgs catalytic membrane reactors used for pure hydrogen production center for inorganic membrane studies cims worcester polytechnic institute department of chemical engineering reyyan koc, nikolaos k.
This reaction is slightly exothermic, resulting in a temperature rise across the reactor. Singh and saraf, 1977 is a go od example of this method. Catalyst development for watergas shift 193 table 1. In adiabatic operation mode, for achieving a co composition of 0. An innovative process scheme to produce methanol from carbon dioxide is here presented and assessed via simulation. The water gas shift reaction shift conversion is necessary because the gaseous product from a gasifier generally contains large amounts of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, plus lesser amounts of other gases. Design of water gas shift converter posted in student.
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